重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法
1．a(chǎn)dvance[+d'va:ns]vi./vt.意為：“推進(jìn)、促進(jìn)”；“前進(jìn)、進(jìn)展”。例如：
①His work advanced the science of physics.
他的工作促進(jìn)了物理學(xué)的發(fā)展。
②A month has passed and the work has not advanced.
一個(gè)月過(guò)去了，工作還沒(méi)有進(jìn)展。
③We are advancing along the socialist road.
我們正沿著社會(huì)主義道路前進(jìn)。
注意】過(guò)去分詞advanced用作形容詞，意為：“先進(jìn)的、高級(jí)的”
例如：
an advanced worker一名先進(jìn)工作者
an advanced engineer一位高級(jí)工程師
2．bend[bend] vi./vt.意為：“使彎曲”；“彎曲、曲身”。例如：
①Bend the end of the wire down.
把電線的那一端彎下來(lái)。
②Can you touch your toes without bending your knees?
你能不屈膝而觸到你的腳趾?jiǎn)幔?/p>
③He bent down to pick up the wallet. 他俯身拾起錢夾。
3．besides和except的區(qū)別
besides用作介詞，作“除……之外，還有”；它還可以用作副詞，作“還有，而且”解。含有肯定和附加的意思，即在一個(gè)具體數(shù)字之外再加上一個(gè)數(shù)。例如：
①There are five other people besides both of us.
除了我們兩人之外，還有五個(gè)人。
②Three students attended the meeting besides Xiao Hong.
除了小紅外，還有三個(gè)同學(xué)參加了會(huì)。
③To learn English well, writing and reading are also important besides listening.
要學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，除了聽(tīng)力之外，寫(xiě)作和閱讀也是很重要的。
④It is too late to go to the cinema. Besides, it's raining.
現(xiàn)在去看電影太晚了。而且又在下雨。
【注意】except是“除……之外(不包括本身在內(nèi))”的意思，含有否定和排除的意思，表示除去一部分，著重在“不包括”(not including)的含義。例如：
①All the girls went to the party except Xiao Hong.
除了小紅外，其他女孩都參加了聚會(huì)。(小紅沒(méi)有參加。)
②All of us passed the final-term examination except Alice.
除愛(ài)麗斯之外，我們大家都通過(guò)了期終考試。
③We invited every boy student except Bob.
除了鮑勃外，我們邀請(qǐng)了所有的男生。(鮑勃不包括在內(nèi)。)
4．content[k+n'tent] adj.高興；心滿意足(=happy, satisfied)。
常用于“be content to do sth.”或“be content with sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：
①She is content to eat simple food.她樂(lè)意吃一些簡(jiǎn)單的食物。
②My parents are content to live quietly in the country.
我父母很高興在農(nóng)村過(guò)安安靜靜的生活。
③Don't be content with your little success.
你不要滿足于小小的成就。
④We are not content with what we have achieved.
我們不滿足于現(xiàn)有的成就。
【注意】 content[kn'tent] vt.使……滿足(=make sb. happy and satisfied)解。例如：
⑤Is simple praise enough to content him?
簡(jiǎn)單地表?yè)P(yáng)幾句就足以使他心滿意足了嗎？
⑥I usually content myself with two glasses of beer for each meal.
我通常每餐有兩杯啤酒喝就心滿意足了。
5．close 的用法
1)此處close是形容詞，意為“親密、緊密”。如：
①Are you a close friend of theirs?
你是他們的好朋友嗎？
②We are as close as lips to teeth.
我們唇齒相依。
2)close還可作“周密、仔細(xì)、嚴(yán)密”解釋。如：
①We kept a close watch on the prisoners.
我們嚴(yán)密注意犯人的行為。
②The professor asked his students to pay close attention to the details in the experiment.
教授要求學(xué)生集中精力注意實(shí)驗(yàn)中的每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。
3)close還可作“勢(shì)均力敵”解。如：
①How exciting it is to play or watch a close game of basketball or volleyball.
觀看或打一場(chǎng)勢(shì)均力敵的籃球或排球賽是多么激動(dòng)人心！
4)close可作副詞用，意為“靠近”、“緊緊地”。如：
①Please come close so that I can see you.
請(qǐng)靠近點(diǎn)好讓我看見(jiàn)你。
②He was standing close to the door.
他站得離門很近。
③The door is close shut.門緊閉著。
【注】close可作副詞，closely也是副詞，請(qǐng)注意兩者的不同：close作副詞時(shí)意思是“靠近”、“接近”，而closely作“仔細(xì)地”解釋。如：
①You should listen closely to the teacher in class.
在上課時(shí)你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)聽(tīng)老師講課。
②The young man watched closely what the engineer was doing.
這年輕人仔細(xì)地觀察工程師所做的一切。
間或也作“很”、“非常”解。如：
③she closely resembles her mother.
她很像她母親。
5)close還可作動(dòng)詞用，意思是“關(guān)”、“關(guān)上(閉)”、“結(jié)束”。
① Diana closed the piano without noise and rose.
黛安娜輕輕地把鋼琴蓋上然后起身。
②The exhibition is not closed to the public on Sundays.
展覽會(huì)星期天對(duì)公眾開(kāi)放。
③At eleven the meeting(was) closed.
十一點(diǎn)鐘會(huì)議結(jié)束了。
6．marry['m$ri] v.的主要用法
1)結(jié)婚：
①She married late in life.她晚年才結(jié)婚。
②They are going to marry next month.
他們下個(gè)月要結(jié)婚。
2)嫁，娶，與……結(jié)婚：
①Alice married a Chinese.
愛(ài)麗斯嫁給了一個(gè)中國(guó)人。
②It is three years since he married Kate.
他和凱特結(jié)婚已三年了。
【注意】marry用于以下成語(yǔ)：
(1)be married(to)與……結(jié)婚，嫁給……(表示結(jié)婚狀況)：
①She has been married to Black for a year.
她跟布萊克結(jié)婚一年了。
②She has been married but she has no children.
她已經(jīng)結(jié)婚了，但沒(méi)有孩子。
(2) get married(to)與……結(jié)婚，嫁給……：
③He has not got married.他還沒(méi)有結(jié)婚。
④Miss Wang has got married to a farmer.
王小姐嫁給了一個(gè)農(nóng)民。
(3)marry sb. to把……嫁給……：
⑤She married her daughter to a man with a lot of money.
她把女兒嫁給了一個(gè)有錢人。
7．prove[pru:v]vt./link-v. 意為：“證明，證實(shí)”；“事實(shí)說(shuō)明了”。用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后可跟名詞、從句、或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。用作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后常跟形容詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或不定式作表語(yǔ)。例如：
①He has proved his courage in battle.
他在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中顯示了他的勇氣。
②Can you prove where you were on November 2nd?
你能證明十一月二日你在什么地方嗎？
③This proved him to be an honest man.
這證明他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。
④His advice proved very helpful.
他的建議證明很有幫助。
⑤She proved a very strict teacher.
事實(shí)證明她是一個(gè)嚴(yán)格的老師。
⑥Perhaps this book will prove of some use to you in your studies.
也許這本書(shū)會(huì)對(duì)你的研究有用處。
⑦As it happened, my advice proved to be wrong.
從事情的進(jìn)展看來(lái)，我的意見(jiàn)果然是錯(cuò)誤的。
8．puzzle['p)zl] vt.使迷惑不解，使莫名其妙。例如：
①The old lady's illness puzzled the doctor; he couldn't find the cause.
這位老太太的病使醫(yī)生感到困惑，他找不到病因。
②This difficult question puzzled all the students in our class.
這個(gè)難題使我們班所有的學(xué)生都感到困惑不解。
【注意】 puzzle用作名詞，意為“難題”、“困惑不解的東西”。例如：
③How accident happened is still a puzzle to us.
事故是怎樣發(fā)生的，對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)仍然是一個(gè)難題。
④I'm doing a word puzzle in this magazine. I'm trying to find the Chinese character.我在猜雜志上的字謎。我在設(shè)法猜出那個(gè)漢字。
9．receive[ri'si:v] v.“接到”，指收到物品時(shí)的動(dòng)作，動(dòng)作本身有一定的被動(dòng)性，不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。例如：
①He received a good education at the university.
他在大學(xué)受過(guò)良好教育。
②You will receive a warm welcome when you come to China.
你來(lái)到中國(guó)時(shí)，會(huì)受到熱烈歡迎。
【注意】試比較： accept v.“接受”，指經(jīng)過(guò)考慮，由主觀意志來(lái)決定是否同意接受，動(dòng)作者本身是主動(dòng)的。例如：
①He accepted the job of Professor of Physics, but asked for very little money.
他應(yīng)聘當(dāng)了物理學(xué)教授，但并不要求高工資。
②We can't accept their suggestions.
我們不能接受他們的建議。
10．happen的一些用法
1) happen原意為“發(fā)生”。如：
①Don't worry, something may happen. There are always ways.
不要著急，也許會(huì)有新情況。總會(huì)有辦法的。
②You'd better wait and see what happens.
你最好等一等，看情況怎樣發(fā)展。
2)happen to.(某人)發(fā)生了什么事，或(某物)發(fā)生了什么情況，怎么了。如：
①Has anything happened to him?
他出什么事了嗎？
②What finally happened to the boy?
這男孩最后怎樣了？
③What has happened to the recorder?錄音機(jī)怎么了？
④ I don't see your TV set. What's happened to it?
我沒(méi)看到你的電視機(jī)，到哪兒去了？
3)happen后面接不定式時(shí)，意為“碰巧”、“恰好”。如：
①Someone in the office happened to notice her.
辦公室碰巧有人注意到她。
②I happened to be out when he called.
他來(lái)訪時(shí)我剛好出去了。
【注】當(dāng)happen后面的不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或已經(jīng)完成時(shí)，需要用不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)或完成時(shí)。
①It happened to be raining when I arrived in London.
我到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候，碰巧在下雨。
②My brother happened not to have seen the note.
我兄弟碰巧沒(méi)有看到那張條子。
③She happened to have heard of the place.
她碰巧聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這個(gè)地方。
④Helen happened to be singing in the next room.
海倫碰巧在隔壁屋里唱歌。
4)用在It(so)happened that…的句型中，此時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，此種復(fù)合句可以和簡(jiǎn)單句互換。如：
①It(so) happened that I had no money with me.
= I happened to have no money with me.
我碰巧身上沒(méi)帶錢。
②It happened that I knew his address.
=I happened to know his address.
我碰巧知道他的地址。
5)happen to還可用在疑問(wèn)句和條件從句中，表示婉轉(zhuǎn)的語(yǔ)氣。如：
①Do you happen to know his phone nunber?
你知道他的電話號(hào)碼嗎？
②If you happen to be in the teacher's office, would you ask Mr Wang about it?如果你有機(jī)會(huì)到教師辦公室里去，可否問(wèn)問(wèn)王老師有關(guān)此事的情況？
▲請(qǐng)注意 happen與 take place用法上的區(qū)別：
take place作“發(fā)生”解釋時(shí)詞義與happen大致相同，但它更多地用于事先計(jì)劃或預(yù)想到的事物，沒(méi)有“偶然”之意，�？梢隇椤斑M(jìn)行”、“舉行”。如：
①Great changes have taken place in the town in the last two years.
兩年以來(lái)，這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)上發(fā)生了巨大的變化。(不用happen)
②When will the sports meet take place?
運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)什么時(shí)候舉行？(不用happen)
11．support[s+'p&:t] vt.“支持”、“擁護(hù)”。例如：
①I support your proposal.我支持你的建議。
②The students all supported us.
學(xué)生們都擁護(hù)我們。
③These measures were supported by all democratic parties.
這些措施受到了各民主黨派的擁護(hù)。
④This is a theory well-supported by facts.
這是一個(gè)有大量事實(shí)作依據(jù)的理論。
【注意】support 還可以作“支撐、攙扶”；“養(yǎng)活、維持生活”解。例如：
⑤The bridge is strong enough to support heavy trucks.
這座橋經(jīng)得起重型卡車通過(guò)。
⑥Just then an old man entered, supported by a boy.
就在這時(shí)候，一個(gè)男孩攙著一位老大爺走了進(jìn)來(lái)。
⑦His parents could not support him in the old days.
在舊社會(huì)他父母養(yǎng)活不了他。
⑧Air, food and water are necessary to support life.
空氣、食物和水是維持生活所必需的。
重要詞組短語(yǔ)
1．a(chǎn)s a result 意為“(由于……的)結(jié)果；因此”。常用在有上下文(表示原因)的情況下。as a(the) result of…表示“由于……(的結(jié)果)”。例如：
①It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden.
這兒夏天不常下雨，因此我們不得不給菜園澆水。
②He wasn't ready in time. As a result, we went without him.
因他未及時(shí)準(zhǔn)備好，我們沒(méi)等他就先走了。
③He had a headache. As a result, I went there instead of him.
因?yàn)樗^痛，所以我替他去那兒了。
④As a result of the storm, many crops were washed away.
由于一場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨，許多莊稼被沖走了。
⑤As the result of her hard work, she caught up with her classmates.
由于努力學(xué)習(xí)，她趕上了她的同班同學(xué)。
2．a(chǎn)sk for 的不同含義
ask for在不同情況下有不同譯法。例如：
①You can write to VOA English and ask for any information you need.
你可以寫(xiě)信給美國(guó)之音英語(yǔ)節(jié)目索要你所需要的任何有關(guān)資料。
②If you get into trouble, don't hesitate to ask for help.
你要是碰到麻煩，要趕快向人求助。
③She sent me a postcard asking for your address.
她寄給我一張明信片，要你的地址。
3．be fond of 喜歡
be fond of相當(dāng)于 like， take pleasure in， be full of love for．如：
①I am fond of singing.
我喜歡唱歌。
②Jack and Helen are fond of skating in winter.
杰克和海倫喜歡在冬天滑冰。
③My friend James is very fond of playing chess.
我的朋友詹姆士非常喜歡下棋。
【注】 fond指慣常的愛(ài)好，不指一時(shí)的愛(ài)好，如不能說(shuō) I am fond of taking a walk now.而要說(shuō)：I would like to take a walk now.否定句中常用not care to do來(lái)代替 be not fond of doing。如：
①I don't care to go there.我不愿到那里去。
②He did not care to meet these people.
他不愿見(jiàn)到這些人。
4．by the time 通常可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。表示到過(guò)去的某一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生為止。其主句通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
①By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned maths all by himself.
到他十四歲為止，他已經(jīng)自學(xué)了數(shù)學(xué)。
②By the time we finished our work, it had already stopped raining.
等我們完成工作時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。
5．go on with 表示“繼續(xù)做某事”。例如：
①With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university, where he received a doctor's degree in 1905.
他靠掙工資攢下一些錢，繼續(xù)讀完大學(xué)，并于1905年獲得了博士學(xué)位。
②After having a cup of coffee, he went on with the lecture.
喝了杯咖啡之后，他繼續(xù)講課。
③Go on with your research work.
繼續(xù)做你們的研究工作。
6．lead to 意為“引起、造成、導(dǎo)致”，后跟名詞或代詞。例如：
①The accident led to many deaths.
那次事故使許多人死亡。
②His carelessness led to his failure.
他的粗枝大葉導(dǎo)致他的失敗。
③Too much work and too little rest leads to illness.
工作太多，休息太少，常會(huì)引起疾病。
④In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results.
在一定的條件下，壞事可產(chǎn)生好結(jié)果。
7．learn…by himself(=teach himself) 意為“自學(xué)”。其中 by短語(yǔ)表示“通過(guò)某種方式”。例如：
①He began to learn English by himself at the age of seven.
他七歲時(shí)即開(kāi)始自學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
②It is more difficult for us to learn English by ourselves.
我們自學(xué)英語(yǔ)就更困難了。
③Wise men learn by other men's mistakes; fools, by their own.
聰明的人從別人的錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，傻子才從自己的錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。(諺語(yǔ))
8．stick to. 堅(jiān)持、固守。如：
①One should always stick to his stand.
一個(gè)人應(yīng)該永遠(yuǎn)堅(jiān)持立場(chǎng)。
②I stick to what I said yesterday.
我仍然堅(jiān)持我昨天說(shuō)過(guò)的話。
③Teachers must stick to this rule.
教師必須堅(jiān)守這條規(guī)定。
④Don't stick to your own opinion.
不要固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)。
▲stick to和 insist on，persist in，都可譯作“堅(jiān)持”，但意思有所不同，
stick to多用于“堅(jiān)持”原則、計(jì)劃、決定、諾言、意見(jiàn)等。 insist on多用于“堅(jiān)持”看法、主張。 persist一般用于“堅(jiān)持”行動(dòng)，有時(shí)用于“固執(zhí)己見(jiàn)”或“堅(jiān)持不改”。如：
①She insisted on her correctness.
她堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自己是正確的。
②They insisted on leaving right away.
他們堅(jiān)持要馬上走。
③He persists in reading in bed.
他偏要在床上看書(shū)。
④Why do you persist in doing so?
你怎么老是這么干？
9．work out 的用法
1)意為“算出”、“解出”(=get the results for)。例如：
①She can work out those problems easily.
她能很容易地解出那些習(xí)題。
②He said he could work this puzzle out, and he did do.
他說(shuō)他能解這道難題，他的確解出來(lái)了。
③Can you work out how much it costs to build the dam?
你能把建壩的費(fèi)用算出來(lái)嗎？
2) work out意為“按某種方式發(fā)展，結(jié)果”。
①How will things work out?事情將成什么樣子？
②Things work out quite well.事情結(jié)果不錯(cuò)。
3) work out還可表示“做大量運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉”。
I work out every day to keep fit.我每天努力鍛煉身體以保持健康。
4)work sb. out意為“了解某人的稟性”。
I've never been able to work her out.
我一向無(wú)法了解她。
5) work sth. out意為“計(jì)算出，弄明白，設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)劃某事”。
①I've worked out your share of the expenses at ￡10.
我已算出你應(yīng)分?jǐn)偟馁M(fèi)用是十英鎊。
②Can you work out what these squiggles mean?
你能辨認(rèn)出這些潦草的字跡是什么意思嗎？
③The general worked out a new plan of attack.
將軍制訂出新的進(jìn)攻方案。
常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1．It appeared to me that the experience was useful.
appear在此是 link verb，也可在后跟不定式，意思為“看起來(lái)是，似乎是”；與seem相似。appear側(cè)重從表面看來(lái)或觀察到的角度；而seem暗示有一定根據(jù)做出的判斷，往往要經(jīng)過(guò)思維推斷。例：
①It appeared to me that she enjoyed the food very much.
我看她好像很喜歡吃這種食品。
②He appeared to have heard of the news.他似乎已經(jīng)聽(tīng)到了這個(gè)消息。
③It seemed that the manager was very angry.似乎經(jīng)理很生氣。
2．He found it hard to get along with the boys.
1) it為形式賓語(yǔ)， hard為賓補(bǔ)； to get…boys為真正賓語(yǔ)。在一個(gè)含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(即：賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))的句子中，當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞不定式或從句時(shí)，則必須用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正賓語(yǔ)置于句末。如：
①I found it easy to get on with Tom.我覺(jué)得與湯姆相處很容易。
②He thought it best to be on his guard.他認(rèn)為最好還是要保持警惕。
③They kept it quiet that she was dead.他們對(duì)于她的死保密。
2)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞-ing形式時(shí)，可以把動(dòng)詞-ing置于賓補(bǔ)前，也可用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把動(dòng)詞-ing后置。如：
You must find it exciting working here.(或)：You must find working here exciting. 你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)在這兒工作是令人興奮的。
3)句中 get along/on with…意為“與……相處”；“進(jìn)展”。
①He could not get along/on with anyone.他跟誰(shuí)都合不來(lái)。
②How are you getting on these days? 近來(lái)日子過(guò)得怎么樣？
③They get along well with the new comer. 他們與新來(lái)的人相處很好。